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Bibliography Articles from periodicals and journals (A-F) |
Ritual Abuse, Ritual Crime
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Ritual Abuse Bibliography
Ritual Abuse Bibliography
Articles from periodicals and journals (A-F)
Articles from periodicals and journals (A-F)
In this section, we hope to list all published professional journal articles on ritual abuse and ritual crime. Whenever possible, we would like to include an author abstract or summary or key words. In some cases it is not immediately apparent from the title that the article contains material about ritual abuse.
Some excellent articles have been published in survivor newsletters. Since newsletters are not widely available, they are not included in this listing. Also, we have not included articles in newspapers or in general consumer magazines. This decision was made, not on the basis of the merit of such articles, but on the ease with which they can be located.
Please send corrections and additions to rahome@ra-info.org.
Forward to RA Journal Articles (G-L)
Forward to RA Journal Articles (M-R)
Forward to RA Journal Articles (S-Z)
Ahmed, M. B. "High-risk adolescents and satanic cults." Tex
Med 87(10) 1991 pp. 74-6
SUMMARY: During the last decade the number of teenagers involved in violent
behavior and drug abuse increased significantly. Some of these adolescents
were involved in Satanic cult activities. Although sensationalism is created
by isolated incidents like the Matamoros murders and Geraldo's media coverage
of satanism, our observation, in a private psychiatric hospital, reveals
that in fact adolescents involved in satanic cults do not differ from
other adolescents admitted with a variety of other problems. Psychodynamic
factors, family dynamics, and treatment strategies for management of adolescents
who are involved in satanic cult activities are discussed.
Aldridge, Morris Ray. "A skeptical reflection on the diagnosis
of multiple personality disorder." Irish J Psychological Medicine
11(3) pp.126-9
SUMMARY: Presents a number of grounds on which it seems reasonable to
base a skeptical view of the validity of multiple personality disorder
MPD as a naturally occurring diagnostic entity. MPD is being diagnosed
with increasing frequency, especially in North America. Soaring estimates
of its current prevalence are accompanied by considerable controversy
and heated debate. Seven reasons for skepticism from a therapist viewpoint
are reviewed: epidemiological differences, iatrogenic influences, countertransference,
number of personalities, diagnostic skills, changing definitions of MPD,
mystique, and ritual satanic abuse. Concern is expressed for patients
as to whether current treatment for and acceptance of MPD alleviates or
exacerbates their symptomatology.
Alexander, David. "Trouble on the antichrist beat. (satanism in
the press)." The Quill 78(4) 1990, p. 12
SUBJECTS: Satanism--Analysis: Cults--Public opinion.
Alexander, David. "Still giving the devil more than his due." Humanist Sep/Oct91, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p22-42.
Allen, C. and Metoyer, P."Crimes of the occult." Police
February, 1987.
SUMMARY: Talks about practices and criminal activities of various cults.
Offers clues and signs of occult criminal activity to law enforcement
personnel.
American Academy of Pediatrics. "Guidelines for the evaluation
of sexual abuse of children." Pediatrics 87(2) 1991 pp.
237-43
SUMMARY: Guidelines for pediatricians when child sexual abuse is suspected.
Anthony, Dick. "Law, social science and the 'brainwashing' exception
to the First Amendment." Behavioral Sciences and the Law 10(1)
1992 pp. 5-29
SUMMARY: Discusses the distinction between "brainwashing" as a coercive
process that creates involuntariness (IS) and other less coercive processes
(R. Delgado, 1977). Litigation in the "cult wars" has shifted from "deprogramming"
cases to civil suits by ex-converts based on "brainwashing" claims, and
to criminal defenses claiming incapacity due to cultic brainwashing. Early
cases were decided on the basis of First Amendment derivations barring
judicial inquiries into conversion processes and religious authenticity.
In 1988 the California Supreme Court carved out an exception to be applied
where "coercive persuasion" is combined with concealment of a group's
identity (Molko and Leal v. Holy Spirit Association . Key questions must
be resolved before brainwashing theories can contribute to litigation
involving religious groups. These questions relate to broader issues involving
IS and the point beyond which indoctrination becomes incapacitating.
Apter, Andrew. “Discourse and its disclosures: Yoruba women and the sanctity of abuse.” Africa 1998, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p68.
Arnold, Clinton E. "Dealing with 'murky monsters and dastardly demons': A response to Underwager and Wakefield." Psychology and Theology 20(3) 1992 pp. 288-291
Arnold, Clinton E. "Toothless tiger or roaring lion? A rejoinder to Underwager and Wakefield." Psychology and Theology 20(3) 1992 pp. 295-8
Bader, Christopher D."Supernatural support groups: Who are the UFO abductees and ritual-abuse survivors? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion Vol 42(4), Dec 2003. pp. 669-678.
Badsha, Omar." Imperial Ghetto: People and Rituals in a South African Ghetto."
Barry, R. J. "Satanism: The law enforcement response." National Sheriff February/March 1987 pp. 39-42
Baumeister, Roy F., and Sommer, Kristin L. "Patterns in the bizarre: Common themes in satanic ritual abuse, sexual masochism, UFO abductions, factitious illness, and extreme love." J Social and Clinical Psychology 16(2)1997
Belitz, Jerald. "Satanism as a response to abuse: The dynamics
and treatment of satanic involvement in male youths," Adolescence,
27(108) 1992 pp. 855-72.
SUMMARY: Male youths from abusive family environments may be particularly
vulnerable to recruitment into satanic cults. Families that are abusive,
devalue or invalidate the abused child's feelings, blame the child for
the family's' problems, and view the world in rigidly moralistic terms
create environments in which the youths are likely to identify with the
aggressor and label themselves as evil. These youths may use satanic involvement
as a means of legitimizing their experience and differentiating from a
negatively enmeshed and/or abusive family system. In this paper, the etiological
factors and treatment approaches of 10 hospitalized boys who had voluntarily
involved themselves in repeated group satanic activities during their
adolescence are described, and 2 case illustrations are given.
Belitz, Jerald. "Satanism as a response to abuse: The dynamics
and treatment of satanic involvement in male youths." Family Therapy
Vol. 21(1) 1994 pp. 81-98.
SUMMARY: Examined satanic involvement among 10 boys (aged 12--17 yrs)
in inpatient psychiatric treatment and presented a theoretical context
for understanding and treating these adolescents. Ss who had been admitted
over a 3-yr. period reported repeated voluntary involvement in group satanic
activities, starting in adolescence or preadolescence. Ss had been physically
and/or sexually abused, in many cases by 1 or both parent figures. The
etiological' factors of Ss are described, and 2 case illustrations are
provided. Case 1 was a 15-yr.-old White boy who was admitted because he
planned to kill 13 people, including himself. Case 2 was a 17-yr.-old
Hispanic boy who was admitted because of suicidal behavior, depression,
aggressive outbursts, and polysubstance abuse. Satanic cults offered membership
in a group where there was no rejection. Since the abuse had enraged and
betrayed Ss, the cults became a welcome haven.
Benjamin, Lynn R. and Benjamin, Robert. "A group for partners
and parents of MPD clients: II. Themes and responses." Dissociation
7(2)
1994, pp. 104-11
SUMMARY: Extends work by L. R. Benjamin and R. Benjamin (see PA, Vol.
82:22614) on the format and process of an adjunctive group for partners
and parents of multiple personality disorder (MPD) clients. Common themes
that have emerged in the group were examined. These themes include the
diagnosis, anger, the sense and fear of loss, self-caring and setting
limits, how much to trust the MPD client, the struggle to avoid becoming
a "therapist" family member, how to deal with the outside world, marital
and sexual issues, existential and spiritual issues, and changes in the
relationship at recovery. Therapist responses to the issues of self-care
and exploitation, sexual dysfunction, sadistic ritual abuse, the repressed
memory controversy, criticism of the MPD client's therapist, and parenting
are also presented.
Benningfield, M. F. "The use of hypnosis in the treatment of dissociative patients." Child Sexual Abuse 12 1992 pp. 17-31
Bernet, W. and Chang, D. K. "The differential diagnosis of ritual
abuse allegations." J Forensic Sci 42(1)
1997 pp. 32-8.
SUMMARY: Because psychiatrists do not have a consistent way to classify
and define the forms of child abuse that may be mistaken for ritual abuse,
the objective of this paper is to create a comprehensive differential
diagnosis of allegations of ritual abuse. METHOD: The authors reviewed
60 articles, chapters, and books that contained allegations of ritual
abuse or behaviors that might be mistaken for ritual abuse, that were
made by patients or caretakers. This paper clarifies the behaviors that
represent or may be mistaken for ritual abuse: Cult-based ritual abuse,
pseudo ritualistic abuse, activities by organized satanic groups, repetitive
psycho pathological abuse, sexual abuse by pedophiles, child pornography
portraying ritual abuse, distorted memory, false memory, false report
due to a severe mental disorder, pseudologia phantastica, adolescent behavior
simulating ritual abuse, epidemic hysteria, deliberate lying, and hoaxes.
The differential diagnosis of allegations of ritual abuse is important
in both clinical and forensic psychiatry. In some cases, it will not be
possible to tell whether a particular allegation is factual or what the
underlying mental processes are. It is important to separate the role
of the mental health professional as therapist from the role as an expert
witness in court.
Bibby, Peter. "Breaking the web." Social Work Today Oct.
3, 1991 pp. 17-9
SUMMARY: British social worker outlines methods used by child abuse rings
to entrap children and offers suggestions for breaking the abusers' hold
on their victims.
Bloch, E. L. "Post-traumatic stress disorder: Therapeutic approach-avoidance: An illustrative case." Psychotherapy 28(1) 1991 pp. 62-7
Bloom, Sandra L. "Hearing the survivor's voice: Sundering the
wall of denial." Psychohistory 21(4)
1994 pp. 461-77
SUMMARY: Draws parallels between the world's denial of the Holocaust and
denial of ritual abuse, with commentary on the "false memory syndrome."
Borden, Tree A, and LaTerz, Jean D. "Mother/daughter incest and ritual abuse: The ultimate taboos." Treating Abuse Today 3(4) 1993 pp. 5-8
SUMMARY: Clinical observations and preliminary data collection have shown that mother/daughter incest occurs with greater frequency and severity than previously noted.
Boston, G. Robert, "Santeria: Animal sacrifice religion comes out of the shadows." Church and State 41(1) 1988, pp 10-1.
Bottoms, Bette L., Shaver, Philip R., and Goodman, Gail. "Understanding
and responding to religious material in the therapy of multiple personality
disorder." Dissociation 2 1991 pp. 231-8
SUMMARY: Offers a review of the literature regarding the religious lives
of MPD patients, along with a detailing of their common religious concerns,
and pitfalls for therapists in dealing with these issues.
Bottoms, Bette L., Shaver, Phillip R. and Goodman, Gail S. "An analysis of ritualistic and religion-related child abuse allegations." Law and Human Behavior 20(1) 1996 pp. 1-34
AUTHOR ABSTRACT: A stratified random sample survey of clinical members of the American Psychological Association was conducted to determine the number and nature of cases involving alleged ritualistic and religion-related child abuse , whether reported directly by children or retrospectively by adults. Results indicated that only a minority of clinical psychologists have encountered ritual cases, but of those, the vast majority believe their clients' claims. Even so, the purported evidence for the allegations, especially in cases reported by adults claiming to have suffered the abuse during childhood, is questionable. Most clients who allege ritual abuse are diagnosed as having multiple personality disorder or PTSD, two increasingly popular, but controversial, psychological diagnoses. Clinical and legal implications are discussed and a future research agenda is urged.
Bottoms, Bette L.; Shaver, Phillip R.; Goodman, Gail S. L. "An analysis of ritualistic and religion-related child abuse allegations." Law and Human Behavior, Vol 20(1), Feb 1996. pp. 1-34. Bottoms, Bette L., and Davis, Suzanne L. "The creation of satanic ritual abuse." J Social and Clinical Psychology 16(2) 1997.
Bottoms, Bette L., Diviak, K. R. and Davis, S. L. "Jurors' reactions
to satanic ritual abuse allegations." Child Abuse and Neglect 21(9)
1997, pp. 845-59.
SUMMARY: Some of the most highly publicized child sexual abuse trials
of this century have involved bizarre allegations of satanic ritual abuse,
yet little is known about jurors' reactions to ritual abuse claims. We
investigated how jurors' judgments of defendant guilt and witness credibility
are affected by the presence or absence of satanic ritual abuse allegations.
Two hundred forty-three mock jurors rendered judgments about a case involving
childhood sexual abuse allegations made by either a 5-year-old child or
a 30-year-old adult survivor. The presence or absence of satanic ritual
abuse allegations was varied between subjects. Jurors' religiosity was
measured. Although jurors were significantly less likely to believe the
satanic ritual allegations than other case details, they were as likely
to vote guilty and to believe the victim in satanic as in nonsatanic cases.
Victim age had no significant effect on mock jurors' judgments, but there
were marked individual differences in decisions: When the allegations
involved satanic ritual abuse, religious jurors were more likely than
less religious jurors to believe the victim. Further, across all conditions,
women made more pro-victim judgments than did men. Our findings suggest
that highly bizarre details may be discounted by jurors (particularly
less religious jurors), but that jurors may set aside their skepticism
of satanic ritual details and make judgments about child sexual abuse
cases based on their perceptions of the credibility of nonsatanic allegations
of harm. Whether or not this is an accurate approach to decision-making
in these cases remains an empirical question.
Bourget, Dominique, "Satanism in a psychiatric adolescent population."
Canad.J Psychiatry 33(3)
1988 pp. 197--202.
SUMMARY: In a university affiliated adolescent psychiatric facility, providing
approximately 250 consultations per year, an unexpectedly high prevalence
of preoccupation with satanism was found in referred adolescents. Information
about 8 cases is presented to identify common characteristics among Ss.
Initially, a link between the marginal cult belief and general maladjustment
was hypothesized, specifically delinquent behavior. Findings confirm this
trend and show a significant impairment in the social adjustment of these
Ss. A high prevalence of family disruption and parental abuse as well
as a wide range of psychiatric symptoms were also found in the Ss. (French
abstract)
Bowman, E. S., Coons, P.M., Jones, R. S., and Oldstrom, M. "Religious
psychodynamics in multiple personalities: Suggestions for treatment."
Am J Psychotherapy 41 1987 pp. 542-54
SUMMARY: A study of God images, personality splits and the religious lives
of seven female MPD patients, with a description of how different God
images occur in primary and secondary personalities.
Brabo, Lisa. "Satanic ritual abuse: Nothing supernatural about
it." NCADV Voice, Special Edition: "Ritual Abuse." 1994. P.O.
Box 34103, Washington, DC 20043
SUMMARY: An overview of four levels of satanic practice and the techniques
employed by cults.
Bradway, B. "Ritual Sexual Abuse." School Intervention Report 7(1) Fall 1993 pp. 1-10
SUMMARY:
Ritual sexual abuse of children causes severe psychological effects, but the prevalence of such abuse is difficult to estimate because many child victims and adult survivors do not publicly acknowledge they were abused. Children who are sexually abused may be subjected to emotional and physical sadism. The abuse may occur in the home or in other settings such as day care centers, and ritual sexual abuse may have religious overtones. Ritual sexual abuse cases are especially difficult to prosecute. If the abuse occurs in a group situation, the sheer magnitude of the cases creates problems. In addition, the manner in which children perceive and remember reality makes it easy for offenders to commit acts that confuse and intimidate them. Ritual sexual abuse has been categorized according to three types: cult-based ritual abuse when sexual abuse is used to induce a mystical or religious experience in the abuser; pseudo-ritual abuse to exploit children through psychological, sadistic intimidation and to inhibit their disclosure of abuse; and psychopathological ritual abuse stemming from an obsessive, sadistic individual rather than from a group concerned with religious or other experiences. Many sexual abuse victims indicate that they may not be believed if they report abuse, that they may be labeled as crazy, and that the offender may retaliate against them. Further, survivors of ritual sexual abuse often develop multiple personality disorders. Other psychological symptoms of child victims and adult survivors include suicidal or homicidal urges, eating disorders, substance abuse, and low self-esteem. Studies show that ritual sexual abuse is often initiated by family members and sometimes by day care providers. The role of therapists in helping ritual sexual abuse survivors is discussed, as well as difficulties associated with child testimony in court.
Braun, Bennett G. "Towards a theory of MPD and other dissociative phenomena." Psychiatry Clinical N Am 7(1) , 1984 pp. 71-193
Braun, Bennett G. "Psychotherapy of the survivor of incest with a dissociative disorder." Psychiatric Clinics N Am, 12(2) June 1989 pp. 307-=24
AUTHOR ABSTRACT: The treatment of the survivor of incest who suffers from a dissociative disorder is probably somewhat more difficult than that of other survivors of incest because for these others the material is more readily available. Also the patient with DD was probably more severely abused or the dissociative defense would not have been needed. This too makes therapy difficult, especially in that most necessary step: the development of trust and rapport. Despite these problems, there is a very good chance for a successful therapy that will bring the dissociated material back into the main stream of consciousness with a "here and now" appropriate perspective. This can be accomplished through proper diagnosis, good theoretics grounding, and therapy including psychotherapy with appropriate limit setting and the judicious use of medication. This article presents a summary of the BASK model of dissociation and two other models and gives ideas on how these models may be applied to the understanding of the etiology of dissociative disorders and their treatment. Case examples are used to illustrate successful treatment. Although treatment of incest survivors with dissociative disorders is difficult, success can be anticipated, and the rewards to the patient and the satisfaction for the therapist are great.
KEY WORDS: Child Abuse - Dissociative Disorders - Incest ;Psychotherapy- PTSD [DSM-III-R] - Rape - Ritual Abuse- Survivors - Veterans - Vietnam War
Braun, B. G., Sachs, R. G., Young, W. C. and Watkins, R. T."Patients reporting ritual abuse in childhood: A clinical syndrome. Report of 37 Cases." Child Abuse and Neglect 1991.
Brenner, Ira. "A twentieth-century demonologic neurosis?" Psychohistory 21, 1994 p.4
Briere, J. and Runtz, M. "Symptomology associated with childhood sexual victimization in a non-clinical adult sample." Child Abuse and Neglect Vol. 12, 1988 pp. 51-9
Bross, Donald C. "Assumptions about child sexual abuse allegations
at or about the time of divorce: A commentary." Child Sexual Abuse
1(2)
2, 1992 pp. 115-6
SUMMARY: Legal expert responds to the controversy surrounding allegations
of child sexual abuse that arise in the context of divorce/custody actions.
Brown, Dee. "Domestic violence: The underside of cult ritual."
NCADV Voice, Special Edition: "Ritual Abuse." 1994, P.O. Box 34103, Washington, DC 20043.3
SUMMARY: Examines the dynamics of ritual child abuse and its relationship
to domestic violence and battered women.
Bruce, Alistair J., "Orkney: A practitioner's view. (Satanic child
abuse) (Great Britain)," Solicitors Journal Vol. 135(14)
1991
p. 432
SUBJECTS: Scotland - Legal system; Child molesting - Investigations; Criminal
justice, Administration of - Social aspects; Great Britain; Scotland
Bryer, J. B., Nelson, B. A., Miller, J. B. and Krol, P. A. "Childhood sexual and physical abuse as factors in adult psychiatric illness." Am J Psychiatry 144, 1987 pp. 1426-30
Bucky, Steven F."The relationship between training of mental
health professionals and the reporting of ritual abuse and multiple personality
disorder symptomatology," Special Issue: "Satanic ritual abuse: The current
state of knowledge."J Psychology and Theology 20(3)
1992 pp. 233-8
SUMMARY: Surveyed 433 mental health professionals in San Diego County,
California, concerning ritual abuse and multiple personality disorder
(MPD). Results show no differences across disciplines/licenses in frequency
of report of MPD diagnosis, ritual abuse patients seen, or presence of
symptom clusters that may be associated with diagnosis of either ritual
abuse or MPD. However, data suggest that a cluster of symptoms considered
representative of several linked syndromes may become more tightly tied
to a single diagnosis through the mechanism of workshop training.
Burgess, A. W., et. al."Response patterns in children and adolescents
exploited through sex rings and pornography," Am J Psychiatry 141(5)
1984, pp. 656-62
SUMMARY: Study of 66 children and adolescents exploited through sex rings
and pornography.
Burgess, Ann Wolbert, Hartman, Carol R., Wolbert, Wendy A. and
Grant, Christine A. "Child molestation: Assessing impact in multiple victims."
Arch of Psych Nursing 1(1)
1987 pp. 33-39
SUMMARY: Presents data regarding trauma encapsulation and other reactions
related to dissociative and post-traumatic stress disorders
Burgess, Ann Wolbert, Hartman, Carol R. and Kelley, Susan. "Assessing
child abuse: The TRIADS checklist." Psycho-Social Nursing 28(4)
1990 pp. 7-8, 10-14
SUMMARY: Presents categories for child abuse assessment; includes checklist
and discussion of ritualistic abuse.
Burket, Roger C., "Emotional and behavioral disturbances in adolescents
involved in witchcraft and satanism," J Adolescence 17(1)
1994 pp. 41-52
SUMMARY: Explored the hypothesis that adolescent psychiatric patients
with occult interests would manifest different psychopathology and behavioral
disturbances than their hospitalized peers. The inpatient medical records
of 157 consecutive adolescent (aged 13--17 yrs) admissions to a private
psychiatric hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The 10 individuals
with interest in witchcraft or satanism had significantly more diagnoses
of identity disorder, alcohol abuse, and hallucinogen abuse. Half of the
Ss reported a history of self-mutilation. Although 50% of the occult group
had arrest histories, none were for violent crimes. There were no significant
differences in the criminal behaviors between those with and without interest
in the occult.
Bybee, Deborah, and Mowbray, Carol T. "An analysis of allegations
of sexual abuse in a multi-victim day-care center case." Child Abuse
and Neglect 17(6)
1993 pp. 767-83
SUMMARY: Study of case with over 100 alleged victims, with application
Calof, D. L. "From the editor's desk: Regarding the credibility
of ritual abuse reports." Treating Abuse Today 1(4)
1991
p. 4
SUMMARY: "We should expect the accounts from ritual abuse patients to be confusing, contradictory, bewildering and evocative." The author lists several reasons for this and briefly discusses what the therapist must keep in mind during evaluation and treatment.
Campbell, Beatrix, "Children's stories. (Ritual child abuse)"
New Statesman and Society 3(121)
1990 p. 15
SUMMARY: Supports the credibility of child victims in Nottingham, England.
Campbell, Beatrix, "Vortex of evil. (Ritual abuse of children
in Nottingham)" New Statesman and Society 3(121)
1990
p. 12.
SUMMARY: Describes conflict between therapists and police regarding children's
ritual abuse disclosures in Nottingham, England.
Campbell, Beatrix "Hear no evil: The police in Notts want to
'kill off once and for all' stories of satanic abuse." New Statesman
and Society 3(123)
1990, pp. 10-2
SUMMARY: Describes reluctance of police to investigate allegations of
ritual child abuse in Nottingham, England.
Campbell, Beatrix. "Seen but not heard." Marxism Today
Nov. 1990
SUMMARY: British journalist outlines political and ideological rationales
for disbelieving children's stories of satanic ritual abuse.
Cavaglion, Gabriel. "The cultural construction of contemporary satanic legends in Israel." Folklore Dec2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, pp.255-271.
Chu, James A. "The traps for therapists in the treatment of trauma survivors." Dissociation 1(4) 1988
Clark, Cynthia M. "Deviant adolescent subcultures: Assessment
strategies and clinical interventions." Adolescence 27(102)
1992 pp. 283-93
SUMMARY: Presents assessment strategies, preventive methods, and clinical
interventions to assist clinicians working with teenagers involved with
deviant subcultures: satanism, the neo-Nazi skinhead movement, and violent
street gangs. Many of the teens' needs are met by gang and/or cult affiliations,
which provide a sense of belonging, self-worth, companionship, and excitement.
Prevention of alienation through family, school, and peers may minimize
deviant subculture involvement. In cases for which prevention is not effective,
clinical treatment and intervention may be necessary. Therapists must
be knowledgeable about adolescents' involvement, empathic to their circumstances,
and sophisticated in their approach to treatment.
Clark, Cynthia M, "Clinical assessment of adolescents involved
in satanism." Adolescence 29(114)
1994 pp. 461-8.
SUMMARY: Discusses the psychosocial needs of adolescents involved with
satanism (a recognition of satan as a charismatic figure honored and exalted
by his followers). Allegiance to the cult may bring a sense of belonging,
mastery and structure, a feeling of power and control, an extreme form
of rebellion, satisfaction of curiosity and relief from boredom, a sense
of self-esteem, and validation of anger. A continuum of deviant cultism
is posited that extends from experimental, social/recreational, and situational
use to intensified and/or compulsive use and chronic addiction. As adolescents
become more involved with satanism, withdrawal from normative society
increases, secretiveness intensifies, and antisocial behaviors become
more prevalent. It is critical to focus therapy on the psychosocial needs
being met rather than on attempting to understand the intricate details
of the satanic practice itself.
Clark, J. G."Cults," J Am Med Assoc 242 1979 pp. 279-281.
Clifford, Marvin W. "Social work treatment with children, adolescents,
and families exposed to religious and satanic cults." Social Work in
Health Care 20(2)
1994 pp. 35-59
SUMMARY: Discusses issues affecting children, adolescents, and their families
who have been involved with religious or satanic cults at many levels
and suggests efforts to help them. The role of the social worker in treating
clients who have been exposed to cult practices focuses across 4 areas:
educational, practice, legal, and research. A case example with a 3-yr.-old
girl illustrates the legal issues a social worker may face. To examine
these issues an exploratory pilot survey was sent to 12 clergy members,
social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists with some experience
in treating children, adolescents, and family members involved in a cult.
Two mental health workers were also identified. Results provide information
on the issues affecting children, adolescents, and families exposed to
cults and describe helpful interventions used by mental health professionals.
Coleman, Joan. "Presenting features in adult victims of satanist
ritual abuse." Child Abuse Review 3(2) 1994 pp. 83-92
AUTHOR ABSTRACT:
Clinical data concerning five adult female victims of Satanist ritual abuse in multigenerational Satanist cults in the United Kingdom are presented to illustrate the issues related to psychological evaluations and the need to consider the possibility of Satanist ritual abuse in individual with certain symptoms. Most mental health professionals are familiar with individuals, usually female, who recurrently injure themselves. The five females studied ranged from 15 to 40 years of age when first seen. Their clinical features included self- injury, drug abuse, depression and mood swings, sleep disorders, eating disorders, somatic symptoms such as abdominal pain and migraine headaches, sexual disorders, relationship difficulties, behavior disorders, phobic anxiety, religious conflicts, dissociative features, and perceptual disorders. In each case, at least a year elapsed between the onset of psychiatric intervention and the disclosure of Satanist ritual abuse. All disclosures began with sexual abuse, either of themselves as children or the witnessing of the abuse of others. The ritual abuse included almost every imaginable type of physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, and spiritual abuse. Professionals are often skeptical about ritual abuse, but should consider the possibility of this kind of abuse in patients with these symptoms.
Comstock, Christine M., "Consistency with clinical experience
versus sound theory: A response to Rosik." Special Issue: "Satanic ritual
abuse: The current state of knowledge."J Psychology and Theology
20(3)
1992 pp. 226-8.
SUMMARY: Comments on the article by C. H. Rosik (see PA, Vol. 80:18558)
and suggests that the psychoanalytic tradition of relating to an observing
ego makes it unnecessary to conceptualize the internal self helper (ISH)
as paranormal. There is danger in accepting a patient's self-report as
literal truth, since he/she may confuse functional with structured truth,
thereby further confusing the clinical picture. The question of whether
the perceptions of an ISH held by Rosik's patient are her own or those
she believes her therapist holds or wants to hold is addressed.
Cook, C., "Understanding ritual abuse: A study of thirty-three
ritual abuse survivors," Treating Abuse Today 1(4)
1991
pp. 14-19
SUMMARY: The study examined survivors' reported histories of ritual abuse along with their personal perspectives and feelings about the abuse. This summary article describes the sampling procedure, summarizes the findings regarding the nature of the ritual abuse reported, lists and categorizse the indicators of ritual abuse reported by study participants, offers observations about perpetrating group characteristics, discusses issues of disclosure and credibility as delineated by the study participants, and ends with a few comments regarding the findings and the need for further research.
Coons, Philip M., "Reports of satanic ritual abuse: Further implications
about pseudomemories," Perceptual and Motor Skills 78(3)
Part 2, Special Issue, 1994 pp. 1376-8
SUMMARY: To investigate the possibility that patients' reports of childhood
satanic ritual abuse (SRA) may not be valid, a retrospective chart review
was conducted on 29 patients who presented to a dissociative disorders
clinic and reported histories of SRA. Data support the notion that such
"memories" can be accounted for, in part, by the misapplication of hypnosis
or regressive therapies.
Coons, Philip M., "Factitious disorder (Munchausen type) involving
allegations of ritual satanic abuse: A case report." Dissociation (4)
1990 pp. 177-8
SUMMARY: Presents the case of a 25-yr.-old woman who was hospitalized
after threatening suicide. The S alleged that she had been the victim
of ritual satanic abuse. A careful evaluation, including history taking,
clinical observation, request for collateral information, and psychological
testing, failed to corroborate her story and pointed instead to a diagnosis
of factitious disorder of the Munchausen type.
Cowper, Francis, "Satanism resurgent. (London letter)," NY Law Journal 195, May 1986 p. 2
SUBJECTS: Knight, Derry Mainwaring - litigation; Satanism - litigation;
Fraud - litigation; Great Britain.
Cozolino, Louis J. "The ritual abuse of children: Implications
for clinical practice and research."J Sex Research 26(1)
1989 pp. 131-8.
SUMMARY: Discusses research on ritual child abuse and considers diagnostic
and therapeutic issues raised by such abuse. Signs and symptoms that indicate
ritual abuse are reviewed. It is noted that there is a high frequency
of multiple personality disorder among these patients, possibly due to
inconsistent alternation between abuse and love. Assisting patients in
the detection, uncovering, and working-through of this form of severe
trauma may require clinicians to first confront their own denial of such
realities. An awareness of ritual abuse and an openness to its human and
clinical significance may lead to the development of research methodologies
that can address this complicated psychosocial phenomenon.
Cozolino, Louis J. "Ritualistic child abuse, psychopathology
and evil." Psychology and Theology 18(3)
Fall 1990 pp. 218-27
AUTHOR ABSTRACT: Ritualistic abuse is an extreme form of psychological, physical, and sexual maltreatment of children in the context of "religious" ceremony. The clinical presentation of the victims of such abuse is complex and raises many issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of psychopathology as well as the importance of spiritual counseling. The acknowledgement of belief systems so repugnant to the Judeo-Christian world view and the addressing of our own negative emotional reactions to the reality of ritualistic abuse are important first steps in responding to these issues. The phenomenon of ritualistic child abuse forces us to consider the relationship between theological notions of evil and psychological concepts of psychopathology. This article addresses the phenomenon of ritualistic child abuse, the psychological sequelae of victimization, and possible motivations for this form of abuse .
Cozolino, Louis J. "Some questions come to mind: A response to Ganaway." Psychology and Theology 20(3) 1992 pp. 206-7
Creighton, Susan J. "Organized abuse: NSPCC experience." Child
Abuse Review 2, 1993 pp. 232-42
SUMMARY: Results of a 1990-1991 survey conducted by the National Society
for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Great Britain.
Crook, Lynn. "'The Search for Satan': three years later." Treating Abuse Today 8(5) Sept/Oct 1998 pp. 8-14
SUMMARY: Discusses the documentary "The Search for Satan," shown in October 1995 as part of the Public Broadcasting Service's "Frontline" series, and the legal case (United States v. Peterson, Seward, Mueck, Keraga and Davis) arising from the circumstances recounted in that broadcast.
Cuomo, Chris. "Ritual abuse: Making connections." Lesbian Ethics 4(1) 1992 p. 345
Curran, David K."Why troubled teenagers might turn to satanism."
Am School Board J 176(8)
August 1989 pp. 12-4, 39
SUMMARY: Adolescent involvement in satanism is a symptom, not the actual
ailment. Having counseling or mental health personnel in a high school
allows needy students to refer themselves for counseling. Musical preference
is a weak predictor of teenagers' attitudes toward the occult and satanism.
Damphousse, Kelly R., "Did the devil make them do it? An examination
of the etiology of satanism among juvenile delinquents." Youth and
Society 24(2)
Dec 1992 pp. 204-27
SUMMARY: Investigated the power of unique and common explanations (defined
in terms of social learning theory (SLT)) to account for satanism (STN)
among 530 incarcerated youthful offenders (aged 10-17 yrs). According
to SLT, low parental and educational attachment increase participation
in deviant activity. 55 Ss identified themselves as satanists. Results
show significant positive relationships between STN and key SLT variables,
suggesting that involvement in STN may not have a common etiology with
other forms of deviance. Satanists were even more unattached to conventionality
via parents and schools, even more attached to peers, and even less attached
to delinquent peers than their nonsatanically involved counterparts. Whites
with higher IQs and with friends in STN were more likely to be involved
in STN themselves.
Daniels, Steve. "The devil made them do it: Is there a connection between serial killings and satanism?" Minnesota Police Chief 9(3) 1989 pp. 47-9
Dawson, Judith. "Ritual abuse." Social Work Today 22(3)
1991 p.418
SUMMARY: Confronting disbelief. Despite suffering under the media spotlight
following her involvement in a ritual abuse controversy in Nottingham,
Judith Dawson wants to see the issue thoroughly.
Dawson, Judith and Johnston, Chris. "When the truth hurts." Community
Care March 30, 1989 pp. 11-3
SUMMARY: Describes the personal toll on professionals who advocated for
child victims of ritual abuse in Nottingham, England.
Dawson, Judith. "Vortex of evil." New Statesman Society 3(12) 1990 p. 112
DelCour, Julie. "Wild parties, satanism - and death (Prentice
Antwine Crawford trial)." Nat Law J 10(41)
1988 p. 10
SUBJECTS: Crawford, Prentice Antwine - litigation; Satanism - litigation;
United States.
DeMause, Lloyd. '"The history of child assault." Psychohistory 18(1) 1990
DeMause, Lloyd. "The universality of incest." Psychohistory Vol. 19 No. 2, 1991
DeMause, Lloyd. "Why cults terrorize and kill children." Psychohistory 21(4)
1994 pp. 505-18
SUMMARY: Refutes critics who suggest that investigation of satanic ritual
abuse (SRA) is a "witch hunt," noting that those who advocate this view
and the false memory theory are often molesters themselves. It is noted
that many case histories are available that document SRA of children and
that the most credible histories involve reports by children who have
recently been abused by cults, rather than reports based on adult recollections.
The psychodynamics of cultic ritual are discussed; the delusional absorption
of children's power is suggested as central to the group fantasy behind
SRA. The applicability of these same cultic psychodynamics to the ritual
of war is addressed.
de Young, Mary. "One face of the devil: The satanic ritual abuse
moral crusade and the law." Behavioral Sciences and the Law 12(4)
1994 p. 389
SUMMARY: Discusses the spread of allegations of satanic ritual abuse of
children over the last decade. The allegations are so horrific that a
moral crusade comprised largely of psychotherapists, survivors, religious
fundamentalists, and law enforcement professionals has risen up in response
to them. The claim of the moral crusade that satanic ritual abuse of children
is an exigent social problem is analyzed through a review of the data
on the organization of such cults, cult roles and rituals, motivation
of cults, abuse symptomatology in children and adults, and reliability
of information. The symbolic content of the moral crusade against these
allegations of ritual abuse is discussed in terms of the creation of moral
crusades at times of rapid social changes. The impact this moral crusade
is having on the law is noted.
de Young, Mary. "A painted devil: Constructing the satanic ritual abuse of children problem." Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol 1(3), Fall 1996. pp. 235-248.
deYoung, Mary. "Breeders for satan: Toward a sociology of sexual trauma tales." J Am Culture 19(2) 1996 p. 111.
de Young, Mary. "Speak of the devil: Rhetoric in claims-making about the satanic ritual abuse problem." Sociology and Social Welfare 23(2) 1996 p. 55.
deYoung, Mary. "The devil goes to day care: McMartin and the making of a...". Journal of American Culture Spring97, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p19.
deYoung, Mary. Satanic ritual abuse in day care: An analysis of 12 American cases." Child Abuse Review 6(2) May, 1997 pp. 84-93
AUTHOR ABSRTRACT: Twelve of 100 cases of alleged satanic ritual abuse in child care centers in the United States were examined, based on information from news media articles, investigative reports, interview transcripts, legal briefs, and court transcripts. Cases were included if they involved an arrest followed by a trial verdict, guilty plea, or dismissal of charges during the trial; the allegations of satanic ritual abuse were actively investigated and publicly reported; and sufficient archival data existed to assess the case. The analysis focused on the nature of the allegations, the victims, the perpetrators, the criminal trials, and the case outcomes. Results revealed that it was impossible to determine whether or not such abuse existed, but the financial and emotional costs of trying to prove it has been high. Results also indicate that attempts to prove satanic ritual abuse have functioned to detract attention from more common forms of child abuse and to obfuscate the investigation and substantiation of organized and systematic forms of child abuse in a variety of settings. The study's major finding was that these cases contribute little to the debate about whether or not satanic ritual abuse exists, but they do set an agenda for the international child abuse professional community for research, practice, and discussion.
deYoung, Mary. "Satanic ritual abuse in day care--An update."Child Abuse Review, Oct97, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p240-241.
Doland, Virgina M."Satanic ritual abuse and determinate meaning: A response to Professor Ellis [pp. 274--277]," Psychology and Theology 20(3) 1992 pp. 278-9
Driscoll, L. N. and Wright, C."Survivors of childhood ritual
abuse: Multi-generational satanic cult involvement." Treating Abuse
Today 1(4)
1991 pp. 5-13
SUMMARY: A comprehensive questionnaire was developed that included previously reported characteristics of ritual abuse. The questionnaire contained sections on background, therapy, ritual locations, time of meetings, group members, paraphernalia, ritual activities, and physical, psychological, and sexual victimization. Additionally, survivors provided information on symptoms and possible effects of the abuse and answered open ended questions sharing their thoughts and feelings regarding their victimization.
Dyer, Owen. "Ritual abuse dismissed as mythical in Britain." British Medical Journal 6/11/94, Vol. 308 Issue 6943, p.1527.
Eaton, Lynn. "Ritual abuse: Fantasy or reality?" Social Work
Today Sept. 26, 1991 pp. 8-12
SUMMARY: Case summary of six ritual child abuse investigations in Great
Britain. >
Earthdaughter, Debby. "Re-Patterning: Ritual abuse and s/m as an access issue." Lesbian Ethics Vol. 5 No. 2, 199, p. 79
Edwards, Louise M."Differentiating between ritual assault and
sexual abuse," J Child and Youth Care 6(4)
1991
pp. 169-88. (This reprinted article originally appeared in The J Child and Youth Care, Special Issue, 1990, pp. 67--89. The following
abstract of the original article appeared in PA, Vol. 78, p. 1516.)
SUMMARY: Discusses signs and symptoms that differentiate the sexual assault
victim from the ritual assault (RA) victim. Symptoms often seen in RA
victims include problems with menstrual periods, panic at the sight of
blood, unusual symbols in art work, and unusual fear of talking about
sexual assaults. RA victims demonstrate a need for emotional support,
inability to accept caring, inability to make choices, and preoccupation
with death and phases of the moon. Other signs of RA include brainwashing,
paranoid and cynical attitudes toward authority figures and life, self
mutilation, fear of the dark and night terrors, sexual dysfunction, and
eating disorder problems.
Edwards, Louise M, "Differentiating between ritual assault and
sexual abuse." Special Issue: "In the shadow of satan: The ritual abuse
of children." J Child and Youth Care 1990
pp. 67--89
SUMMARY: Discusses signs and symptoms that differentiate the sexual assault
victim from the ritual assault (RA) victim. Symptoms often seen in RA
victims include problems with menstrual periods, panic at the sight of
blood, unusual symbols in art work, and unusual fear of telling or talking
about sexual assaults. RA victims may also demonstrate a need for emotional
support, inability to accept or know caring, inability to make choices,
and preoccupation with death, dying, and phases of the moon. Other signs
of RA include brainwashing, paranoid and cynical attitudes toward authority
figures and life, self mutilation, fear of the dark and night terrors,
sexual dysfunction, and eating disorder problems.
Eckert W. G., Katchis, S., and Donovan, W. "The pathology and
medicolegal aspects of sexual activity." Am J Forensic Med Pathol
12(1)
1991 pp. 3-15
SUMMARY: The pathology of injury and its complications related to sexual
activities has changed remarkably when compared with that of the past,
which usually involved assaults or murders of female victims of varying
ages, with moderate to serve beatings that may have accidentally resulted
in the victim's death. Serial murderers, serial rapists, and molesters
of both boys and girls have become much more prevalent in the last two
decades in the United States. Unorthodox sexual behavior, such as "fisting,"
has increased in frequency, as has sexual violence related to cults, such
as satanism. All of these present many challenges to medicolegal investigators.
This report describes general and specific pathological sexual activities
and injuries, some characteristics and methods of the perpetrators, and
some specific cases as examples.
Ehrensaft, Diane"Preschool child sex abuse: The aftermath of
the Presidio case." Am J Orthopsychiatry 62(2)
1992
pp. 234-44
SUMMARY: A case study is presented of girls who were among the preschool
victims of sexual abuse linked to occult rituals that occurred at the
Presidio Army Base Child Development Center. Components of the trauma,
together with its effects on the victims and their families, are investigated,
and implications for the mental health profession are discussed.
Ellason , J. W. and Ross, C. A. "Positive and negative symptoms in dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia: A comparative analysis." J Nervous and Mental Disease 183 1995 pp. 236-41
Elliott, Peter. "Soapbox." Social Work Today Vol. 22(43) 1991 p. 26
Ellis, Bill, "Satanic ritual abuse and legend ostension." (reply, V. M. Doland, pp. 278-9,) Psychology and Theology, 20(3) 1992 pp. 274-7
Ellis, Bill. "Germanic folk healing as satanic ritual abuse of children." Western Folklore 54(4) 1995 p. 77.
Ellis, Bill. "Kurt E. Koch and the 'Civitas Diaboli:' Germanic folk healing as satanic ritual abuse of children." Western Folklore 54 (2) 1995 p. 77
Emerson, Shirley, and Syron, Yvonne. "Adolescent satanism: Rebellion
masquerading as religion" Special Issue: "Rethinking uncertainty and chaos:
Possibilities for counseling."Counseling and Values 39(2)
1995 pp. 145-59
SUMMARY: Describes the authors' findings from 7 yrs of observing, interviewing,
and counseling 143 adolescents involved in satanism in the Southwest.
A case example is given. Signs, symptoms, definitions, and activities
are described. Adolescent satanism is viewed as a rebellion and an effort
to belong, in response to low self-esteem, peer difficulty, and isolation.
Satanism provides a gang culture and feelings of power to compensate for
powerlessness and deprivation. Male members have a need to belong, follow,
and seek power or revenge. Female members are nihilistic, anorexic, and
dependent on the leader for nurturance. Counselors need to address underlying
individual and family pathology, suicidal and homicidal ideation, self-mutilation,
drug abuse, sexual abuse, and victimization by control. Concurrent family
assessment is imperative to examine the satanic involvement in a family
system context.
Faller, Kathleen Coulborn. "The spectrum of sexual abuse in day care."Family Violence 3(4) 1988 pp. 283-298
Faller, Kathleen Coulborn. "Sexual abuse of children in cults:
A clinical perspective." Roundtable 2(2)
1990 pp. 11-3
SUMMARY: Defines cultic sexual abuse, lists common characteristics, and
discusses case management and treatment issues.
Faller, Kathleen Coulborn, Corwin, David L., and Olafson, Erna.
"Literature review: Research on false allegations of sexual abuse in divorce."
APSAC Advisor 6(3)
1993 pp. 7-9
SUMMARY: Literature and studies regarding false allegations in divorce
actions are reviewed and evaluated.
Faller, Kathleen Coulborn. "Ritual abuse: A review of the research."
APSAC Advisor 7(1)
1994 pp. 19-27
SUMMARY: Focuses on findings from empirical studies regarding professional
experience with ritual abuse in day care, community-based cults and intergenerational
groups.
Farrow, J. A., Schwartz, R. H., and Vanderleeuw, J. "Tattooing
behavior in adolescence. A comparison study." Am J Dis Child 5(2)
199, pp. 184-7
SUMMARY: We characterize associations with and motivations for tattooing
in adolescents through data from a controlled, three-group comparison
of adolescents from a substance abuse treatment program, detention center,
and private pediatric practice. We surveyed 474 adolescents (12 to 18
years old) with tattoos (12%) and without tattoos (88%). The private pediatric
practice was the control site. A 34-item questionnaire was used to profile
the three groups and their primary associations with tattooing with respect
to race, drug use, school attendance, school grades, parental marital
status, family income, tattooing by family members, criminal activity,
and involvement with satanic rituals. Tattooing was significantly (P less
than .005) associated with all of these variables in the ways described,
as was knowledge of its association with human immunodeficiency virus
infection. No interventions were made. Tattooing is common in adolescents
and is associated with low self-esteem, delinquency, drug abuse, family
and peer modeling, and participation in satanic rituals. Addressing the
behavior as a health problem is discussed.
Feigon, E. A. and de Rivera, J. "'Recovered-memory' therapy: Profession
at a turning point." J. Compr Psychiatry 39(6)
Nov-Dec
1998 pp. 338-44
SUMMARY: Six hundred Massachusetts-registered psychiatrists were surveyed
for their opinions on items plausibly related to the production of false
memories of childhood sexual abuse. One hundred fifty-four psychiatrists
completed the written questionnaire. A majority of respondents (69%) endorsed
the following statement: "The numbers of false accusations of childhood
sexual abuse, appearing to emerge from the psychotherapy of adults, constitute
a real problem needing public acknowledgment as such by the mental health
professions." Nevertheless, a substantial minority endorsed the following
practices: 37% endorsed searching for childhood roots of presenting complaints;
36% endorsed validation (expressed belief) of the patient's memories as
an essential part of therapy; 36% believed in appropriateness of affect
as an indicator of truth in memories; 36% believed in the therapeutic
value of abreaction; 26% would refer presumed survivors of abuse to specialists
in incest recovery; 18% believed in ritual abuse as an important cause
of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative disorders; 18%
trusted symptom checklists as indicators of sexual abuse histories; and
15% believed that memory is a complete record of the individual's history.
Small minorities (6% to 8%) endorsed these practices: using hypnosis to
gain access to repressed memories of childhood abuse; patient confrontation
of alleged abusers; and recommending the severing of contacts with skeptical
family members. A factor analysis was performed, and it was found that
self- designated specialists were more likely than nonspecialists to score
toward the riskier pole of the four factors extracted.
Feldman, Gail C. "Survivors of sadistic abuse: how to spot them." Emergency Medicine 1993 Aug; 25 (11): 83-7.
Feldman, Gail Carr. "Satanic ritual abuse: A chapter in the history
of human cruelty. Psychohistory 22(3)
1995 pp. 340-57
SUMMARY: Presents a cultural and historical overview of practices attributed
to satanic and criminal cults including violence, magic, human sacrifice,
witchcraft, sadism, and satanism. Examples of criminal activities committed
by satanic cults are presented. It is concluded that satanic crimes are
being perpetrated in the US, and human sacrifice and cannibalism are still
being practiced. State laws forbidding ritualized abuse of children and
adults are noted.
Fine, Gary Alan, "Satanic tourism: Adolescent dabblers and identity
work," Phi Delta Kappan 76(1)
199, pp. 70-2
SUMMARY: The attraction of some teenagers to satanic symbolism, which
communicates extreme pessimism, nihilism, and hopelessness, is distressing.
Focusing on the trappings of teenage pseudo-satanism is counterproductive;
we should concentrate on the root causes of teenage crime---low self-esteem
and poor social conditions---and not become distracted by faddish symbols
of adolescent rebellion.
Fine, Jason. "Seeking evil: The hell of prosecuting satanic ritual
abuse (California)" California Lawyer 14(7)
1994 p.
50=9
SUMMARY: How do you prosecute satanic ritual abuse? There's no
hard evidence, testimony is tainted, and most people don't even believe
the crime exists.
Fisher-Taylor, Gail. "Exposing (ritual abuse)" Social Work Today. 1990
Fisher-Taylor, Gail. "Ritual abuse: Towards a feminist understanding." Herizons, 1992
Fontaine, J. S. "Organized and ritual abuse." Med Sci Law36(2) 1996 pp. 109-17
Forrest, Margot Silk. "An interview with John Briere, Ph.D." Treating
Abuse Today Vol. 3(1)
1993 pp. 20-6
SUMMARY: This interview discusses the current treatment of adult survivors
and the related backlash concerning reliability of repressed memory, ritual
abuse and multiple personality, the impact of managed care and other contemporary
critical issues.
KEY WORDS: Child Abuse - Dissociative Identity Disorder - False Memory - Females - Incest - Males - Personal Interview - Rape - Ritual Abuse - Survivors - Treatment
Forsyth, Craig J, "The theoretical framing of a social problem:
Some conceptual notes on satanic cults," Deviant Behavior 11(3)
1990 pp. 281292
SUMMARY: After reviewing the evidence and reasons for a rise in activity
and interest in the occult and satanic cults, this putative social problem
is examined from a traditionalist and then a constructionist perspective.
The traditionalists argue that increased attention given to satanic cults
results in increased satanic worship, while the constructionists argue
that this worship has not increased but is a constant activity getting
more attention now that it is defined as a problem. There is no clear
support for accepting either of these arguments. Rather, the explanation
for this social problem seems to fall somewhere between the two perspectives.
Fowler, Christopher. "A pragmatic approach to early childhood memories: Shifting the focus from truth to clinical utility." Psychotherapy 31(4) Winter 1994 pp. 676-86
AUTHOR ABSTRACT: The growing backlash against repressed trauma memories has led both clinicians and the lay public to question basic assumptions about the historical accuracy of autobiographical memory. While the popular media is flooded with stories of falsely induced trauma memories, many clinicans and theoreticians are feeling the need to redress many of the conceptual fallacies regarding the accuracy of early childhood memory. This article reviews pertinent experimental literature in order to make a cogent case for Martin Mayman's conceptually sophisticated, yet immensely practical working model of reconstructive memory. The integration of cognitive and psychodynamic theory results in an appreciation for the psychologically revealing quality of early memories. Two case illustrations demonstrate the integration of theory with practice.
KEY WORDS: Child Abuse - False Memory - Ritual Abuse - Survivors
Frame, Randall L. "Putting satan's work into perspective." [news; seminar;"Satanism and neo-paganism"] Christianity Today 30(7) 198, p. 30
SUBJECTS: Enroth, Ronald - Korem, Danny - Magic - Satanism - Spiritual Counterfeits Project (Berkeley, Calif.) - Cults--United States
Frankfurter, David. "Ritual as accusation and atrocity: Satanic ritual abuse, Gnostic libertinism, and primal murders." History of Religions May2001, Vol. 40 Issue 4, p352.
Frankfurter, David. "The satanic ritual abuse panic as religious-studies data." Numen-Leiden (E. J. BRILL, Netherlands) 50(1) 2003 pp.108-17.
Frankfurter, David. "Religious studies and claims of satanic ritual abuse: A rejoinder to Stephen Kent." Religion 24(4) 1994 p. 353.
Fraser, George A., "Satanic ritual abuse: A cause of multiple
personality disorder," Special Issue: "In the shadow of satan: The ritual
abuse of children" Child and Youth Care 1990 pp.
55-65.
SUMMARY: Describes the cases of 2 female patients who used dissociating
or blocking of the memory to cope with their experience of sexual abuse
as children. This defense often results in illnesses such as psychogenic
amnesia and multiple personality disorder (MPD). The cases were derived
from highly organized and secret satanic cults that seem to pass from
one generation to another. The cases illustrate not only that the ritual
abuse may produce MPD, but also that the MPD may perpetuate the ritual
abuse of new victims without the knowledge of the victim's primary personality.
Friesen, James G., "Ego-dystonic or ego-alien: Alternate personality
or evil spirit?" Special Issue: "Satanic ritual abuse: The current state
of knowledge" Psychology and Theology 20(3)
1992 pp.
197-200
SUMMARY: Describes differential diagnosis of personality states and evil
spirits in satanic ritual abuse (SRA). Confusion surrounds SRA; the interrelatedness
of SRA, multiple personality disorder, and spiritual warfare add to the
confusion. Both the psychological and spiritual realms are considered
important for healing and should be carried out together. Evil spirits
are presented as oppressive supernatural states, not as personality states.
Treatment may require unifying personalities and casting out evil spirits.
A diagnostic category (oppressive supernatural states disorder) is proposed
with identifying guidelines.
Frude, Neil. "Ritual abuse: Conceptions and reality." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry Vol 1(1), Jan 1996. pp. 59-77.
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